Introduction
Isaac Newton was a famous scientist who lived between the years of 1642
and 1727. He lived most of his early life with his grandfather in England,
He is known for stating his three laws of motion and the law of universal
gravitation. His theory of color is also well known along with his idea of
a reflecting telescope. This
report is on his life and inventions, and his ideas in his lifetime. He was
an important contributor to the world of science.
Isaac was born on Christmas Day in 1641. His parents were Hannah
Ayscough, his mother, and Isaac Newton, his father, Isaac's Father died
three months after his marriage. He was not alive when Isaac was horn.
Isaac had been born premature. He was an only child. When Isaac was two
years old his mother remarried to Reverend Mr. Smith, Isaac's mother went to
live with him. Then Isaac went to live with his grandmother in a cottage in
Woolsthorpe, England. Isaac went to ????? Public School until he was
fourteen years old, he studied math and science. He became a very good
student and had the highest scholarship in the school.
At home, he invented things such as clocks and windmills.
He preferred this to schoolwork, When he was sixteen years old. Isaac
experimented with objects' forces and speed when they were moving through
water. He also experimented with wind force and how it moves objects. Then
on July 8, 1661, Isaac went off to Trinity College for further education in
math and geometry. He showed a high skill in Descartes' Mathematics in his
first year. Then, the next year, the plague brought him home.
In the eighteen months after he was sent home from college, Isaac made
most of his discoveries. He became a professor, He never smoked, and he
was very modest, kind, and generous. He had erratic sleeping and eating
habits. He worked all day in his office and sometimes all night. Isaac
had almost no other hobbies outside his work.
Isaac became a famous scientists and was visited by many people and
scientists in his home. Isaac became the master of the nearby mint In 1669.
He was also elected to the Royal Society and the Parliament, He was first
chosen for the parliament in 1689 and was re-elected in 1701. He was
elected president of the Royal Society in 1703 after being continually
re-elected for years before.
Around this time, Isaac ran into some problems. He was having trouble
with money and dues, He soon corrected this problem and got off the ground
again. Isaac was also having a dispute with Descartes about his theory of
color. Isaac was was also having many people challenge his laws. Isaac won
the dispute with Descartes. He was also able to defend his laws against the
numerous challenges. Isaac thought of marriage - but his work never let him
consider it. Isaac remained a bachelor for the rest of his life.
Isaac Newton was spoken of as a man of "unparalleled genius." He was also
called "the best man in the history of human thought." The eighteen months
when he returned from college were called "The most fruitful eighteen months
in all the history of the creative imagination." His ideas are "even today
still guiding our thinking."
On March 2, 1727, Isaac was attending a meeting of the Royal Society when
he got sick and was taken home. Then, on the next day, he died. He was 85
years old. Isaac was buried in Westminster Abbey.
In Isaac Newton"s final hours, he was quoted as saying "I do not know what
I may appear to the world, but to myself I seen to have been only a boy
laying on the seashore and diverting myself, now and then tending a
smaller pebble or a prettier shell than ordinary wilst the great ocean of
truth lay
all undiscovered before me."
Newton was credited with stating his laws of Inertia, gravity, and
momentum. He discovered the elements of integral and differential calculus
and the binomial theorem. He made one of the first reflecting telescopes
used for astronomy. He also discovered the secrets of light and color. In
his Lifetime, he published "The Principal" and "Optricks", volumes
containing his work and discoveries.
In 1668, Newton made his reflecting telescope, He used it for his
studies. It used mirrors combined with lenses to make the highest powered
telescope ever.
Isaac was better known for his laws. Isaac discovered three laws of
motion. Isaac's first law of motion was the law of Inertia. It read:
"Every body will continue in its state of rest or uniform motion in a
straight line except in so far as it is compelled to change that state by
impressed force."
This law means that if something is moving or standing stills, it will stay
that way until it is acted on by a force.
His second law of motion was the law of Momentum. It read:
"Rate of chance of momentum is proportional to the impressed force, and
takes place in the line in which the force exists."
This law means that a force will increase speed when falling. Isaac's third
law of motion was the law of action and reaction. It read:
"Action and reaction are equal and opposite."
This law means that action and reaction are of the same amount of force.
These were Newton's three laws of motion.
Newton also stated the law of Universal Gravitation. It read : "Any two
particles of matter in the universe attract one another with a force
directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely
proportional to the square of the distance between them."
This means that every particle of Matter pulls on one another. Newton
calculated the total mass of the sun using this law. This law was proved
in 1689. Newton arrived at this law when he saw an apple fall in his
garden;. He figured that the same force that made the apple fall also
pulled on all the planets. This and Hepler's laws helped him in arriving
at his law of Universal Gravitation.
Newton also figured out how colors were made. He said that color was a
property of light, and that unite was the original color of light. He said
that white light was made up of seven colors: red, orange, yellow, green,
blue, indigo, and violet. What color(s) you see depends on what color(s)
the object reflects. Newton arrived at these conclusions then he was in a
dark room and intercepted a ray of white light from the window with a prism.
He
then put an object in white light and red light and It changed color. He
discovered this around the year of 1666.
Newton wrote two books, "Philosophia Naturala" and "Principia Mathmatice".
It was first published In 1687. It was called "one of the greatest single
contributions to science." It consisted of three books on mathematical
principles of natural philosophy. The first one discussed laws of force.
The second discussed oscillation and forces of objects moving through
water. The third discussed gravity, planets, and tides. These were a
collection of his findings. Newton wrote "The Principia" at age 45.
Newton also wrote "Optricks," which discussed his findings in light and
color. It was published in 1704.
Newton thought of the future as a vast sea full of information. His
work is "still guiding our thinking" as we learn more and more about
science. His work serves as a guideline for our ideas in the future.
Early Life
Later Life
Scientific Achievements
Future
Written by David Cole in Junior High.
